The High Seas Treaty, formally called the UN Agreement on Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ), is a landmark agreement adopted on June 19, 2023. It provides a legal framework…
India has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement to align with its long-term goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. As a developing economy with rising…
Cloudbursts are among the most devastating natural disasters in the Himalayan region, often followed by flash floods and landslides. Recent incidents in Himachal Pradesh (2024) and Uttarakhand (2010, 2013, 2021)…
UPSC Relevance GS 1 (Geography): Impact of climate change on human geography, migration, urbanization, and vulnerable populations GS 2 (Governance): Public health policies, disaster management, global cooperation on health and…
India has 89 Ramsar sites (as of March 2025), covering mangroves, lakes, estuaries, coral reefs. Ramsar sites aid biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and water management. Ramsar Convention International treaty for…
UPSC Relevance- GS 2 – International Relations, Regional Groupings, India’s Foreign Policy- GS 3 – Security, Economy, Technology, Maritime Security- Essay & Ethics – Multipolar world, India’s strategic autonomy The…
A flagship road development program by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) aiming to: Improve connectivity and logistics efficiency. Develop economic corridors, expressways, border and port roads. Reduce…
Background: Russia-Ukraine Relations Historical Roots: Shared origins in Kievan Rus, Russian imperial domination, Soviet-era ties, and Cold War alliances. Key Events: Annexation of Crimea (2014) & war in Donbas began…
What Is the India–UK FTA? A comprehensive trade agreement signed in July 2025 between India and the United Kingdom. It reduces tariffs, boosts market access, and strengthens cooperation in services,…
The Women’s Reservation Bill, officially known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023, was passed by the Indian Parliament in September 2023. It mandates 33% reservation for women in the…